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Adept

Clearance level 2.

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    Incentive Design Entry #0389

    The reason a rating system inflates over time

    Nobody in the system gains from a low score. When every participant benefits from inflation, the scale compresses upward until it stops distinguishing anything.

    Adept
    The hidden part #0389

    A rating scale does not collapse because reviewers are kind. It collapses because nobody in it profits from a low number.

    Open file
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    Habit Loops Entry #0316

    The reason quitting is easier than moderating

    A total rule is decided once. A limit must be re-decided at every occasion, and each occasion is a fresh opportunity to decide differently.

    Adept
    The hidden part #0316

    A limit is not one decision kept many times. It is many decisions, and only one of them has to go the other way.

    Open file
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    Habit Loops Entry #0314

    The reason a two-minute version beats the full version

    Frequency is set by the cost of starting, not by the value of finishing. A version small enough to start is performed often enough to become automatic.

    Adept
    The hidden part #0314

    The size of a habit does not decide how much it produces. The cost of starting decides how often it happens.

    Open file
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    Framing Effects Entry #0517

    Why the word only reframes any number

    Only asserts that a quantity falls below an expectation. The expectation is never stated, so the reader accepts the comparison without ever seeing what it was against.

    Adept
    The hidden part #0517

    Only does not describe a quantity. It asserts that a quantity is below a benchmark the reader is left to invent.

    Open file
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    Framing Effects Entry #0516

    The reason a rule stated positively is followed more

    A prohibition names a boundary and invites the reader to locate it. An instruction names a behaviour, and there is no edge to be found.

    Adept
    The hidden part #0516

    A prohibition tells the reader where the edge is. An instruction never mentions that an edge exists.

    Open file
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    Framing Effects Entry #0514

    The reason a percentage feels different to a fraction

    Twenty per cent and one in five are the same quantity in different formats, and the format decides whether the reader pictures a proportion or a person.

    Adept
    The hidden part #0514

    A percentage describes a rate. A frequency describes people, and people are what the reader responds to.

    Open file
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    Decision Architecture Entry #0142

    Why a signature at the top beats one at the bottom

    A signature at the end certifies statements already written. A signature at the start makes honesty salient while there is still something to be honest about.

    Adept
    The hidden part #0142

    An oath taken after the answers can only confirm them. Taken before, it is present while the answers are still being decided.

    Open file
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    Decision Architecture Entry #0139

    The reason a countdown changes what counts as enough information

    Under time pressure the decision rule shifts. The threshold for sufficient evidence drops, and the drop goes unnoticed because certainty does not drop with it.

    Adept
    The hidden part #0139

    Time pressure does not make people less certain on less evidence. It lowers the evidence needed to feel certain.

    Open file
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    Decision Architecture Entry #0137

    The reason you accept a worse deal when you chose the shortlist

    Selecting the options feels like authorship of the outcome. Ownership of the shortlist transfers to the choice made from it, whatever the shortlist excluded.

    Adept
    The hidden part #0137

    Whoever writes the shortlist makes the decision. Whoever picks from it gets the feeling of having made it.

    Open file
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    Choice Design Entry #0242

    Why grey text is a design decision, not an accident

    Contrast controls how much of a page is read. Lowering it on one paragraph is not a styling choice but a decision about what will be processed.

    Adept
    The hidden part #0242

    Contrast is not decoration. It is the setting that decides which sentences are read and which are only present.

    Open file
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    Choice Design Entry #0241

    The reason a required field decides what data exists

    Optional fields are not filled at random. They are filled by an unrepresentative minority, so the resulting dataset describes respondents rather than reality.

    Adept
    The hidden part #0241

    An optional field does not collect less data. It collects data about the people willing to be counted.

    Open file
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    Choice Design Entry #0239

    The reason a wizard finishes what a single page abandons

    A long form shows the whole cost before any is paid. A staged one collects investment first, and abandoning it means discarding work already done.

    Adept
    The hidden part #0239

    The progress bar does not tell you how far there is to go. It tells you how much you would be throwing away.

    Open file