Rhetoric & Omission Entry #0580 Classified Declassified

Why repetition of structure beats repetition of words

Repeating a word draws attention to the speaker. Repeating a shape draws attention to the claim, and the claim then sounds truer than it is.

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Plate 40 — two sentences of equal content and unequal rhythm.

Intuition test — answer before you read on

Two versions of the same aphorism are shown, one rhyming and one not. How are they judged?

Speeches that survive rarely repeat one word many times. They repeat a shape: the same clause length, the same opening, the same stress pattern, filled each time with different content. The audience hears variety and receives repetition, which is the only combination that does not exhaust attention.

What everyone sees

Repetition is discussed as emphasis. Say the important word often enough and it will be remembered, which is why weak writing keeps returning to its keyword and why the resulting text reads as insistent rather than convincing to anyone paying attention.

What is actually happening

Structural repetition raises processing fluency, and fluency is read as truth. Rhyming versions of otherwise identical aphorisms are judged more accurate than non-rhyming ones, and work on metre and parallelism finds comparable effects on liking and on judged quality. The form makes a sentence easier to take in, and the ease is then attributed to the sentence being right.

Why it stays hidden

The audience cannot separate the two. Fluency arrives as a feeling of clarity, and clarity is indistinguishable from correctness from the inside, so a listener persuaded by rhythm will report having been persuaded by reasoning. The device also disappears into competence: good prose is supposed to sound like this, so the technique is credited to talent rather than counted as an argument.

Form that is easy to process is mistaken for content that is easy to believe.

Form that is easy to process is mistaken for content that is easy to believe.

The hidden part — entry #0580

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Sources & further reading 3
  1. McGlone & Tofighbakhsh, "Birds of a Feather Flock Conjointly: Rhyme as Reason in Aphorisms", Psychological Science, 2000
  2. Lea, Rapp, Elfenbein, Mitchel & Romine, "Sweet Silent Thought: Alliteration and Resonance in Poetry Comprehension", Psychological Science, 2008
  3. Obermeier, Menninghaus, von Koppenfels, Raettig, Schmidt-Kassow, Otterbein & Kotz, "Aesthetic and Emotional Effects of Meter and Rhyme in Poetry", Frontiers in Psychology, 2013

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